The anterior part is large, and broad.It is around 4 cm long, broad and slightly curved bag or tube with thick muscular walls.It is attached to the dorsal bodywall by a mesentery termed as mesogaster.Stomach is present on the left side in the body cavity.Oesophagus enlarges to join with stomach in the peritoneal cavity.An alkaline digestive juice is secreted by the glandular lining of oesophagus.During the passage of food, its expansion is allowed by longitudinal foldings.Its mucous epithelial lining is folded longitudinally and contains some mucous glands.Oesophagus is a short, wide, muscular and highly distensible tube.Gullet is the wide opening that leads to Oesophagus.Now, the pharynx tapers behind to lead to esophagus through the gullet.In male frogs, on the floor of pharynx, the small opening of a vocal sac is present on either side near the angle of two jaws.This aperture opens into the middle ear.A wide eustachian aperture is present on either lateral side in the roof.The glottis leads to the laryngo-tracheal chamber.Glottis is a longitudinal slit like aperture.A median elevation on the floor carries the glottis.So, sometimes these are termed as single bucco-pharyngeal cavity.Posteriorly, the buccal cavity reaches short pharynx without any clear demarcation.This causes the orbits to bulge inwards which in response pushes the food towards the pharynx.In course of swallowing the food, frog depresses the eyes. ![]() ![]() These areas are the bulging of eye balls. The roof of buccal cavity shows two large oval and somewhat pale areas, behind the vomerine teeth.By these internal nares, the nasal cavities open into buccal cavity.Just in front of vomerine teeth, the roof of buccal cavity contains anteriorly, a pair of small openings of internal nares.The change of pressure in large sublingual lymph sac causes the protrusion of tongue.The slimy surface of tongue facilitates in capturing the prey.This free end can be flicked out and retracted immediately after catching the prey.The anterior end of tongue is attached to the inner border of lower jaw.In frogs, tongue is large, muscular, sticky and protrusible.It is filled with a soft nourishing pulp, containing connective tissues, blood vessels, nerve and odontoblast cells that produces new material for the growth of tooth.Tooth contains a central pulp cavity open at the side.Enamel is a very hard, resistant and glistening substance.It is made up of dentine (a hard ivory-like substance), which is traversed by numerous fine canals or canaliculi.But teeth are attached to the jaw bone by a broad base made of a bone-like substance.The nature of teeth is homodont (similar), acrodont (not set in a socket).The function of teeth is to simply hold the prey and prevent it from slipping out.Vomers (two small bones in the roof of the mouth) also consists of two groups of vomerine teeth.However, teeth occur in a row of either side on the premaxillae and maxillae bones of the upper jaw. ![]()
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